原文：
                  过滤系统作为污水处理厂、净水处理厂整个工艺过程的关键工序，对整个系统处理效果起最终的把关保安作用，其运行工况直接影响水厂产品水的质量。为提高滤池滤层截污能力的恢复效果，水厂的滤池反洗近年多采用气水联合反冲洗的方式，分为气冲过程、气水同时反洗过程、水洗过程（或省略气水同时反洗过程），同时一般伴随着表面漂洗过程，使滤池滤层内的污物能有效的被剥离和冲洗排出滤池，从而保证后续的正常过滤周期和效果。

       一、概述 过滤系统作为污水处理厂、净水处理厂整个工艺过程的关键工序，对整个系统处理效果起最终的把关保安作用，其运行工况直接影响水厂产品水的质量。为提高滤池滤层截污能力的恢复效果，水厂的滤池反洗近年多采用气水联合反冲洗的方式，分为气冲过程、气水同时反洗过程、水洗过程（或省略气水同时反洗过程），同时一般伴随着表面漂洗过程，使滤池滤层内的污物能有效的被剥离和冲洗排出滤池，从而保证后续的正常过滤周期和效果。由于这种高效的再生滤层过滤能力的作用，气水反洗滤池被日益广泛地应用到了水厂改造及需要深度处理的净水和污水处理厂。由于其布水布气结构和控制系统复杂，依靠传统的操作人员凭经验手动或半自动控制其实际效果很差，水力控制阀很难达到设计要求。我公司自主开发的水资源远程集中在线监控管理系统（滤池分版），能针对气水反洗滤池的工艺特点，实现智能控制，系统简单易用，达到无人化管理。

       二、应用 广泛应用于各行业给水、污水回用等较大水量的深度固液分离过程和市政给水厂的净化以及旧水厂的改造。

      三、气水反冲洗滤池工艺简介 1过滤机理 气水反冲洗滤池正常工作时，通常采用等速过滤方式，即恒定水位（水压）过滤。滤层可采用单层均质滤料，也可采用多层滤料（常采用陶粒、石英砂、沸石等）。采用尽量均匀的布水方式将待处理水布到滤层表面，在恒定水位的作用下，过滤水通过滤层进入下部集水区。过滤作用主要基于以下几点： 机械截留作用：将水中较大颗粒的悬浮状颗粒截留在滤层的颗粒空隙之间； 吸附架桥作用：颗粒滤料吸附有机物和微生物，起到吸附架桥作用，悬浮颗粒及胶体粒子粘结在一起，形成细小絮体，通过接触絮凝作用而被去除。 2工艺过程 以V型滤池为例，将气水反洗滤池的工作过程介绍如下： 过滤过程：待过滤水由进水总渠经进水阀和两个过水窗（主要用于表面漂洗）后，溢过堰口再经侧孔进入V型槽，分别经槽底均布配水孔和V型槽堰顶进入滤池。被滤层过滤后的洁净水经滤头流入滤池底部，由配水窗汇入气水分配管渠，再经管廊中的水封井、出水堰、清水渠流入清水池。滤速可达7-20m/h，一般为12.5-15m/h。 反冲洗过程：关闭进水阀，进水阀两侧的两个过水窗依然处于常开状态，通过V型槽底部的配水孔，形成表面漂洗。然后开启排水阀将池面水从排水槽中排出直至滤池水面与V型槽顶相平。开始进行反洗操作： 气冲：打开进气阀，开启供气设备，空气经气水分配总渠的上部小孔均匀进入滤池滤板底部，由长柄滤头喷入滤层，将滤料表面杂质擦洗下来并悬浮于水中，再由表面漂洗水冲入排水槽。 气水同时反冲洗：在气冲的同时启动冲洗水泵，打开冲洗水阀门，反冲洗水也进入气水主分配渠，经下部配水窗流入滤池底部配水区，同反洗空气同时经长柄滤头均匀进入滤池，滤料得到进一步冲洗，表面漂洗依然继续进行。同时可以查看中国污水处理工程网更多技术文档。 水冲：停止气冲，单独水冲，表面漂洗依然进行，过滤器最后水中、滤层中的杂质彻底被冲入排水槽，待滤料下沉后打开排水阀将上部反洗水排走。

      四、控制系统

      1气水反冲洗滤池的控制原理 多格滤池同时控制其各自的正常过滤、气洗、气水同时反洗、水洗各工况。而反洗只能对单格滤池进行，依靠传统的控制方式很难达到控制要求。恒水位控制任务、反洗工况具备条件判断、反洗依次操作进行，整个过程中的进水阀、排水阀、进气阀、反洗进水阀、排气放空阀及反洗泵和供气设备必须进行整体自动协调控制。

       2滤池控制系统结构： "分散控制、集中管理"的方式，即每格滤池设就地控制系统一套，自动监控所在滤池的操作状态和上传反洗工况信号，系统设有集中管理控制系统，对就地单个滤池控制系统的反洗工况进行排序协调；一般组成为：就地分控柜、总控柜、上位监控显示系统（也可取消总控柜由上位监控系统兼顾）； "集中控制管理"的方式，采用一套智能化管理系统对所有滤池的工况统一监控并同时进行排序协调。 3控制系统功能 对单格滤池进行恒水位控制，采用超声波液位传感器作为监测参数，误差1.5%； 对单格滤池进行气水反冲洗过程控制，鸭嘴阀 采用超声波液位传感器、浊度在线监测仪、水头损失仪、时间控制器进行联合判断滤池的反洗工况条件，并通过程序智能判断反洗工况的进行，从而既保证反洗工况的进行和效率、节约产品水、保证出水水质，同时又尽量避开用水高峰期保证产品水量。 协调各滤池进行反洗操作的顺序和内部外部网络的通讯； 动态显示水位、水头损失、出水浊度、调节阀门的开启度及相关设备的工作状态； 对每台阀门、电动气动执行器和机电设备进行在线监测，故障报警。 对控制程序的基础参数进行设置和调整，并具有多重保护措施防止误操作； 显示编辑实时数据曲线并自动生成文件，低温阀门支持打印拷贝报表。 4配套仪表 超声波液位传感器 压力传感器 水头损失仪 在线浊度监测仪 在线余氯、总氯、二氧化氯监测仪 设备状态在线监测仪

       五、布水布气系统 为适应气水反冲洗技术的发展，我公司经过多年的研究开发，成功研制出FO-QS型气水反冲洗滤头，经力学特性测定，该滤头结构合理，无死角，不脱帽，水力损失小，可广泛用于新建水厂滤池和老水厂滤池改造工程。 1工作原理 长柄滤头和滤板组成一套配水配气系统，属于小阻力配水系统。长柄滤头由上部滤帽和下部直管组成。每只滤帽上开有多条缝隙，缝隙在0.5μm～0.25mm之间，视滤料粒径决定。直管上部设有小孔，下部有一条缝隙。安装前，就把套管预先埋入滤板内。长柄滤头采用ABS工程塑料（或不锈钢）制造。当气-水反冲洗时，排气阀、排泥阀 在滤板下面的空间内，上部为气，形成气垫，下部为水。

      气垫厚度大小与气压有关。气压愈大，气垫厚度愈大。气垫中的空气先由直管上部小孔进入滤头，气量加大后，气垫厚度相应增大，部分空气由直管下部的直缝上部进入滤头，此时气垫厚度基本停止增大。反冲水则由滤柄下端及缝上部进入滤头，气和水在滤头内充分混合后，经滤帽缝隙均匀喷出，使滤层得到均匀反冲。滤头布置数一般为48～60个/m2.开孔比约1.5%左右。 2冲洗强度和时间参考 滤池气水反冲洗时，应注意冲洗强度及时间，选用范围参考：①气冲强度12～16L/s.m2，时间3～4min；②气水同时反冲洗强度：气冲强度10～12L/s.m2，水冲强度2～3L/s.m2，时间3～5min；③水冲强度4～8L/s.m2，时间6～8min。

“ Air-water backwashing filter system filter theory and applications ”是由中国过滤器网提供的国际阀门新闻，译文仅供参考。另外，中国过滤器网还提供相关产品搜索： SY4P法兰连接Y型过滤器、 SRB系列篮式过滤器、 SB14/ST34法兰连接T型过滤器 F43X双封自净式防逆水封阀、 HS41X防污隔断阀(管道倒流防止器)等。

译文：
Filtration system as a sewage treatment plant, water treatment plants process the key to the whole process, from the treatment effect on overall system security role in the final checking, the operating conditions directly affect the water quality waterworks products. Intercepting Filter filter layer to enhance the recovery of the ability effect, water treatment plant filter backwash water in recent years to use more gas means an anti-flushing, washed into the process gas, while gas and water backwash process, washing process (or omit the gas Anti-wash process water at the same time), and generally accompanied by surface rinsing process, filter layer to filter the dirt can be effectively discharged filter stripped and washed, thus ensuring the normal filtration cycle and follow-up results. I. Introduction Filtration system as a sewage treatment plant, water treatment plants process the key to the whole process, from the treatment effect on overall system security role in the final checking, the operating conditions directly affect the water quality waterworks products. Intercepting Filter filter layer to enhance the recovery of the ability effect, water treatment plant filter backwash water in recent years to use Globe Valvesmore gas means an anti-flushing, washed into the process gas, while gas and water backwash process, washing process (or omit the gas Anti-wash process water at the same time), and generally accompanied by surface rinsing process, filter layer to filter the dirt can be effectively discharged filter stripped and washed, thus ensuring the normal filtration cycle and follow-up results. Because of this efficient recycling role of filtering layer filtering capabilities, air and water backwashing filters are increasingly widely applied to the water plant needed reconstruction and advanced treatment of water and sewage treatment plant. Because of its gas distribution structure and control of water distribution system complexity, operators use their experience to rely on traditional manual or semi-automatic control of its practical effect is poor, it is difficult to meet the design requirements. Our self-developed remote-line monitoring of water resources management Regulatorssystem (filter sub-version), to address air and water backwashing filter characteristic of technology, intelligent control, the system easy to use, to no management. Second, application Widely used in various industries water supply, water reuse and other large water depth of solid-liquid separation process and purification of municipal waterworks, and the transformation of the old water plant. Third, air and water backwash filter technology Introduction A filtering mechanism Air Water Backwashing normal working hours, usually isokinetic filtering methods, namely, constant water level (pressure) filters. Single uniform media filter layer can be used, also can use multi-layer filter media (usually using ceramic, quartz sand, zeolite, etc.). Uniform distribution of water by as much as possible ways to deal with the water until the surface of cloth to the filter layer, under the constant water level, filter the water through filters into the lower catchment. Filtering function is mainly based on the following points: Mechanical Interception: the larger particles suspended in water-like particles trapped in the gap between the particle filter layer; Adsorption bridging action: particle filter adsorption of organic matter and microorganisms, play a bridging role in adsorption, suspended particles and colloidal particles bonded together to form small flocs, flocculation by contact was removed. 2 Process With V-filter, for example, will be air and water backwashing filter work process described below: Filtering process: Water from the water to be filtered by the total drainage over the water inlet valve and two windows (mainly used for rinsing the surface), the overflow weir I had to enter via the side hole V-groove, respectively, uniform water distribution by the bottom hole and V-groove into the top weir filter. Filtering layer was filtered through filters to clean water into the filter head and the bottom of the window to import gas from the water distribution channel water distribution pipes, and then administered by the Gallery in the water pumping wells and water weir, stormwater drainage into the clear pool. Filtration rate up to 7-20m / h, usually 12.5-15m / h. Backwash process: Close inlet valve, inlet valve, two over the water on both sides of the window is still in normal open state, through the V-groove bottom of the hole with water to form a surface rinse. Then open the drain valve to the surface of the water discharged from the drain tank until the filter surface and the V-groove with flat top. Anti-washing operations to begin: Air Impact: open intake valve, open the gas supply equipment, gas and water distribution of air through the upper part of the total drainage holes evenly into the bottom of filter plate, filterMotorized Valve Actuators head from the skillet sprayed into the filter layer, to filter down and scrub the surface impurities suspended in water, then rinse the surface of the water into the drainage channels. Air and water backwash at the same time: while in the air blasting start washing pump, open the rinse water valve, backwash water into the air and water are the main distribution channel, through the lower part of the window into the filter with the bottom of the water area with water, wash with anti-air after a long while evenly into the filter handle filter head, filter further washing, rinsing the surface is still continuing. Can also view the network of sewage treatment project in China for more technical documentation. Debris: Stop Air blast, separate the floods came, rinse the surface remains, with the final water filter layer of impurities into the water tank thoroughly until the sink and opened the drain valve filter the upper row against washing away. 4, the control system An air-water backwashing filter control principle Lattice filter simultaneously control more than their respective normal filtration, air cleaning, air and water at the same time anti-washing, washing each condition. The anti-washing can only be carried out on single-cell filter, relying on the traditional control method is difficult to control requirements. Constant water level control tasks, backwashing conditions determine the conditions, followed by anti-washing operation, the entire process inlet valve, drain valve, intake valve, anti-wash inlet valve, exhaust valve and emptying the pump and for anti-laundering gas equipment must be coordinated control of the overall automatic. 2 filter control system structure: "Decentralized control, centralized management" approach, that is, each cell of a filter based local control system, automatically monitors the operation of the state where the filter back wash conditions and upload signal, the system with centralized management control system, on the to a single filter backwash control system to sort the coordination of conditions; general composition: local control cabinet sub-total control cabinet, the top monitor display system (also cancel the master control cabinet with a computer monitoring system taking into account); "Centralized control and management" approach, using an intelligent management system, the working conditions of all filters at the same time sort unified monitoring and coordination. 3 control system functions Single-cell filter for constant water level control, ultrasonic liquid level sensor as a monitoring parameter, error 1.5%; Single-cell filter for air and water backwash process control, ultrasonic liquid level sensor, and turbidity-line monitor, head loss device, time controller for joint anti-wash filter determine working conditions, and determine counter-intelligence through process wash working conditions, thereby not only ensuring the conduct of anti-laundering conditions and efficiency of water saving products, to ensure water quality, while staying away from the water peak period to ensure product water. Coordinate anti-wash filter orderMulti-functional Water Pump Control Valves and internal and external operations of communications networks; Dynamic display of water, head loss, turbidity, adjust the valve opening degree and related equipment working state; On each valve, electric actuator pneumatic and electrical equipment on-line monitoring, fault alarm. Control procedures based on the parameters set and adjusted, and has multiple protection measures to prevent misuse; Display real-time data curve editor and automatically generate documentation to support the print copies of reports. 4 matching instrument Ultrasonic Level Sensor Pressure Sensor Instrument head loss On-line turbidity monitor Online residual chlorine, total chlorine, chlorine dioxide monitor Line monitor device status 5, cloth gas water distribution system In order to meet air and water backwash technology, I am the company after years of research, the successful production of FO-QS Xing Tou filter backwash air and water, by mechanical Texingceding, Gailv first rational structure, no dead ends, Bu hat, water loss, can be used in new filter and the old water plant water plant filter reconstruction project. 1 Work Long-handled filter head and the plate to form a gas distribution system, water distribution, water distribution system is a small resistance. Long-handled first by the upper filter and lower filter cap straight tubes. Filter cap on how each section to open gaps, gaps in the 0.5μm ~ 0.25mm, depending on filter size of the decision. Straight top with small holes, the lower part there is a gap. Before installation, pre-buried plate put inside the casing. ABS plastic filter head with long-handled (or stainless steel). When the gas - water backwash, the space below the plate, the upper part of the air, forming air cushion, the lower part of the water. The size and thickness of the air cushion pressure. The greater the pressure, the greater the cushion thickness. Cushion of air initiallyWater Power Control Valves in the upper hole straight into the filter head, volume increased, the air cushion thickness increase accordingly, some of the air from the bottom of the straight seam straight into the top filter head, then basically stopped cushion thickness increases. Recoil handle water from the bottom and filter into the filter head and the upper seam, gas and water are mixed in the filter after the first period, even by the emission filter cap gap, so be uniform filtering layer recoil. Filter head arrangement for generally 48 ~ 60 / m2. Openings than about 1.5%. 2 flush intensity and time reference Filter backwash air and water, should pay attention to washing intensity and time, choose the scope of reference: ① Air Impact strength of 12 ~ 16L/s.m2, time 3 ~ 4min; ② while air and water backwashing strength: Air Impact strength 10 ~ 12L / s.m2, water will intensity 2 ~ 3L/s.m2, time 3 ~ 5min; ③ Debris strength 4 ~ 8L/s.m2, time 6 ~ 8min.

原文来源：http://www.1guolvqi.com/

2010-08-30 08:55

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